فصلنامه پرستاری دیابت
سال دهم شماره 2 (بهار 1401)

Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases that cause physical and psychological problems and decreases the quality of life in these patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of education on the quality of life in type II diabetic patients at Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.

This is a pre-and post- randomized trial study. The intervention included an educational program to increase the quality of life which was performed on type 2 diabetic patients at the Diabetes Clinic of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran. The patients in this study were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The sample size for each study group was calculated to be 27 individuals considering the standard deviation (SD) of quality of life reported in previous studies (i.e., 1.7) and based on the effect size of 1.5, confidence interval:  95%, and test power of 90%. However, considering the rate of attrition, the sample size was increased to 30 people. The standard quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) with eight subscales was used to assess the quality of life in type 2 diabetic patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23).

The mean±SD age of patients was estimated to be 54.1±9.8 and 54.8±9.5 years in the control and intervention groups, respectively. The mean score of quality of life in the control group before and after the intervention was obtained at 83.7±8.3 and 82.9±7.7, respectively. These scores in the intervention group were 82.1±14.5 and 91.9±12.2, before and after the intervention, respectively. A significant increase was observed in the mean score of quality of life in the intervention group after the intervention. The subscale of physical functioning, energy-fatigue, emotional well-being, pain, and general health increased after the training program. However, sub-scales of disorder did not change physical health, emotional disorder, and social functioning in the intervention and control groups.

Based on the obtained results, the quality of life of the elderly and their active years can be increased through the implementation of educational programs on self-care and using new educational models.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases that need a lot of care. Theories play an important role in improving the quality of care, and Orem’s self-care theory is pioneering in this field. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct an integrated review of the application of Orem’s theory in the care of diabetic patients.

The present study is an integrated review study of articles published from 2010 to 2022 that were collected from databases including SID, Magiran, Iranmedex, Irandoc, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and PubMed using the keywords, such as Orem, self-care, diabetes, Orem model and their Latin equivalents. The study procedure included five stages of text search, text selection, data evaluation, data extraction, and data classification in studies on the application of Orem’s self-care model on diabetes.

The initial search results included 243 articles. A total number of 14 articles were selected and included in the study after the careful examination of the titles, abstracts, and texts of the collected articles. The majority of studies have been conducted in Iran. All studies were interventional and five articles had a clinical trial design. Moreover, the studied variables included the main components of Orem’s theory, quality of life, laboratory factors such as blood sugar or glycosylated hemoglobin, adherence to treatment, self-efficacy, and peripheral neuropathy. All the studies were performed on the adult population and interventions were often conducted in the form of training sessions. In all the studies, interventions had a positive and significant effect on the variables under study.

Considering the positive results of interventions based on Orem’s self-care theory on the consequences of diabetic patients, it is recommended to remove the barriers to the application of the theory in the clinic. Furthermore, efforts should be made to translate knowledge and support upstream organizations in this regard. It is also suggested to pay attention to the acute complications of diabetes, study this disease in the pediatric population, and perform interventions with strong plans for researchers interested in this field.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of face-to-face and online methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress reduction on diabetes management self-efficacy and adherence to treatment among patients with diabetes during the coronavirus pandemic.

The present study followed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all diabetic patients referred to Parsian Diabetes Clinic (Tehran, Iran) in 2021. There were 15 people in each group selected through simple random sampling. Data collection tools included the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (Vanderbilt et al., 1999) and the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire in patients with chronic disease. Cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress management was performed in face-to-face and online methods in eight 90-min sessions. After data collection, data analysis was performed using the SPSS software (version 23).

The results showed that face-to-face and online methods of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress reduction had a significant effect on diabetes management self-efficacy (F=7.502, P=0.002); however, the difference between face-to-face and online methods was not significant. Additionally, the intervention in face-to-face and online methods had a significant effect on adherence to treatment (F=31.876, P=0.001), and the effect of the face-to-face intervention was greater than that of the online intervention (P<0.05).

Based on the results of this study, it seems that the online method of cognitive-behavioral therapy based on stress reduction can be used in quarantine conditions to provide psychological services for diabetic patients.

Inactivity plays an important role in the prevalence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes. Proper self-care behaviors, including mobility and physical activity, affect the control and prevention of complications in diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-care programs on mobility and physical activity in people with type II diabetes.

In this Quasi-experimental study, 40 patients with type II diabetes were randomly assigned into two groups. As the intervention, mobility and physical activity self-care program was conducted in partnership with their families in the residence. Reliability and validity levels of mobility and physical activity questionnaires in measuring self-care behaviors were checked (area related to mobility and physical activity was used (. Data collected before and after the training were compared and analyzed using the SPSS software (version 16).

The scores for mobility and physical activity were similar between the two groups before the training (P>0.05). Six weeks after the training, no significant difference was found in the mean scores of mobility and physical activity between the two groups (P<0.05).

The results showed that the self-care program was effective in changing the lifestyle of people with type II diabetes in terms of mobility and physical activity. Therefore, self-care programs are recommended for all areas of self-care behavior, especially mobility and physical activity in type II diabetes and other chronic illnesses.

One of the increasing health problems worldwide is gestational diabetes or an increase in blood glucose levels during pregnancy without a history, which is associated with many maternal and fetal complications. Due to the presentation of different data from studies conducted in different parts of Iran on the prevalence of gestational diabetes, the present study was conducted to determine the overall prevalence of gestational diabetes in Iran by a systematic review and meta-analysis

This study is a review and meta-analysis conducted in Iran to determine the prevalence of diabetes by searching electronic databases, including the State Inpatient Databases, Mag Iran, and Google Scholar. After the qualitative evaluation of the extracted articles, 24 articles, which were conducted in Iran from 2004 to 2018, were included in the study. Data were analyzed by the Stochastic Effect method using the STATA software (version 17).

Out of 31 provinces in Iran, information on the prevalence of gestational diabetes was available only in 14 provinces. Out of 26,849 patients, the prevalence of diabetes in the whole country was 7.9%, with a 95% confidence interval (5.96-10.08) and I2=97.36%. The lowest prevalence was related to Ardabil province with a prevalence of 1.33%, and the highest prevalence was in Tehran and Mazandaran provinces at 23.99% and 23.13%, respectively.

The prevalence of gestational diabetes is high and varies across the whole country. It is necessary to conduct research in all provinces with the same screening method to identify the cause of differences in the prevalence of gestational diabetes in different provinces, adopt the best strategies and policies in the field of health, and reduce the complications, as well as the prevalence of gestational diabetes.